The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is one of the most widely used personality questionnaires, but very few studies have been conducted on its psychometric properties in Iranian population. This study was carried out with the aim of studying the psychometric properties of the BFI questionnaire. For this purpose, 390 university students in Tehran (210 girls and 180 boys) with an age range of 18 to 56 years (M = 27.52; SD = 8.79) were selected using the convenience sampling method and completed BFI and NEO-FFI questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha, multitrait-multimethod matrix, and confirmatory factor analysis were used to estimate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that 15 of the 44 items did not have a strong factor loading (higher than 0.40) on the corresponding factors and were therefore removed from the questionnaire. The fit indices showed that the Persian version of 29 questions (BFI-29) with 5 factors has a good fit with the data. The Reliability analysis also showed that the range of Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the factors is from 0.70 to 0.79. The lowest Cronbach's alpha coefficient was related to agreeableness factor and the highest was related to conscientiousness. The findings from the multitrait-multimethod matrix showed that the BFI-29 questionnaire has good convergent and divergent Validity with the NEO-FFI questionnaire. In general, based on the results of the present study, it can be said that the BFI-29 questionnaire has desirable psychometric properties and whenever a short tool for personality measurement is needed, this questionnaire can be used.

Today science world changes sharply in a high speed. In a way that in all areas such as research methods these changes are obvious. Although concepts such as Validity and Reliability in Positivist methodology have been used with distinct and general rules, in post positivist period in which they have paid much more attention to qualitative research, these principles have lost their general form. In one hand some thinkers stress on applying common Validity and Reliability quantitative techniques in qualitative studies, on the other hand, some groups focus on distinction between qualitative and quantitative methods. Therefore, in this study we try to introduce the qualitative research methods and applying Validity and Reliability concepts in this way.

This study investigated psychometric properties of the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) for measuring emotion in Iran. Data came from the undergraduate students of Tabriz University. This study was designed and carried out in two stages. Via cluster sampling, 128 students participated in the study to provide a measure of Reliability of the 9 items researcher-made test in order to evaluate pleasure and arousal. In the second study, 92 students were chosen to determine the Validity and Reliability of SAM. Validity qualities were obtained through Pearson correlation and repeated measurements ANOVA. Reliability was evaluated by using testretest (done at two weeks apart) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Cronbach's alpha for the researcher-made test was 0.89 and 0.83 for the pleasure and arousal dimensions, respectively. Test retest Reliability coefficient for SAM and researcher made test was in the range of 0.55-0.78. Concurrent Validity ranged from 0.56 to 0.87 and the criterion Validity was acceptabl. The results of the present study demonstrated that Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) has promising Validity and Reliability and could be applicable to clinical practice and future researches in Iran.